Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that can make completing everyday tasks difficult. Whether you have trouble paying attention, controlling impulsive behaviors, or a little bit of both, medication for ADHD can turn the chaos into calm. However, before you go to your doctor and request medication, it’s important to have a firm understanding on what medication is available, how it works, and what to expect.
For many people, ADHD can create challenges in school, work, and relationships. Fortunately, there’s medication that can help individuals manage their ADHD symptoms and overcome the obstacles they may face in their day-to-day lives. Common symptoms may include inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. While medication doesn’t cure ADHD, it supports people in staying focused, ignoring distractions, and regulating their behavior.
ADHD medications target the brain chemicals dopamine and norepinephrine, which are often imbalanced in those with ADHD. These neurotransmitters are responsible for regulating attention, motivation, and impulse control. When their levels are too low or their transmission is disrupted, it can lead to symptoms like difficulty concentrating or acting on impulse.
By boosting the availability of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, ADHD medications restore balance to these brain circuits, making it easier for people to focus and feel more in control of their actions. Additionally, they can help recalibrate the brain’s reward system, which allows individuals to experience motivation and satisfaction more naturally.
ADHD medication is known for improving focus and attention, but it has been proven to have even more benefits. A recent international consensus statement from the World Federation of ADHD reviewed 208 evidence-based studies on ADHD. Here are some highlights from their findings on individuals taking medication for their disorder:
As you can see, ADHD medication not only helps people manage surface-level symptoms, but it can have an even deeper impact on one’s safety and mental health.
ADHD medications can be categorized into three types: stimulants, non-stimulants, and off-label medications. Here’s a closer look at each type of medication and how they work.
Stimulants are the most commonly prescribed ADHD medications, as they have been shown to manage symptoms for 70-80% of individuals with the disorder. These medications work by increasing dopamine levels in the brain, thus improving focus and reducing impulsivity. There are two types of stimulants:
Stimulants are also divided based on their duration. Short-acting stimulants take effect within 30 to 45 minutes and typically wear off in 3 to 6 hours. This is useful for shorter periods of symptom control. Alternatively, there are long-acting stimulants, which release medication in phases. These medications can last 8 to 16 hours, offering all-day symptom management.
Non-stimulant medications are another option that are best for those who cannot take stimulants due to side effects, a history of substance abuse, or personal preference. While they typically take a few weeks to show their full effects, studies show that non-stimulants can be as effective as stimulants. Common non-stimulants include:
Off-label medications are not FDA-approved for ADHD but may be prescribed in cases where traditional treatments aren’t appropriate. These medications are best for treating co-occurring conditions, like anxiety or mood disorders, while also alleviating ADHD symptoms.
For example, antidepressants with noradrenergic activity (the regulation of norepinephrine) can be beneficial. These medications may include:
Other off-label medications that may be used to treat ADHD symptoms include:
ADHD medications, like any treatment, can come with some side effects. While many side effects are mild and temporary, some may persist or require adjustments to your treatment plan. Healthcare providers will work closely with you to monitor these effects.
Common side effects of ADHD medications include:
If side effects become problematic, changes to the dosage or type of medication can help minimize discomfort while maintaining symptom control. It’s imperative that you keep the lines of communication open with your doctor while taking ADHD medication.
ADHD medications are generally considered safe when they are prescribed and monitored by a doctor. According to an FDA study, there was no increased risk of heart attack, stroke, or sudden cardiac arrest associated with the use of ADHD medications. However, stimulant medications and atomoxetine may not be suitable for those with serious heart conditions or for those at risk of significant increases in blood pressure or heart rate.
The long-term use of ADHD medication has sparked much debate in the medical community, with studies pointing to both risks and benefits. Some research suggests that prolonged use may slightly increase the risk of cardiovascular issues, like high blood pressure and arterial disease.
On the other hand, there’s evidence that long-term use of ADHD medication positively impacts the brain. Brain imaging studies show that children who take stimulant medications often see positive changes over time. Areas of the brain that were previously underdeveloped tend to grow and reach a size similar to those of their peers in adulthood. This is not a change that is seen in individuals who go untreated. It’s possible that long-term medication use may help bridge some of the neurological gaps that are associated with ADHD symptoms.
Whether or not you take ADHD medicine long-term highly depends on your preferences and needs as well as the professional guidance from your doctor.
To get ADHD medication in Los Angeles, you’ll want to find a licensed psychiatrist or primary care doctor who has experience treating the condition. A good provider will take the time to understand your symptoms, provide a thorough evaluation, and work with you to create a personalized treatment plan. Take the first step toward managing your ADHD by reaching out to a trusted provider in L.A. today.
Understanding ADHD – Attention Deficit Disorder Association
Amphetamine vs Methylphenidate – Carlat Publishing
Study: Long-Term ADHD Stimulant & Non-Stimulant Use Improves Executive Function – ADDitude
Nonstimulant Treatments for ADHD – Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
Q: “What Are the Long-Term Effects of ADHD Medication on the Brain?” – ADDitude
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Dr. Kevin Simonson, an esteemed Medical Director at Cura Behavioral Health, brings over 15 years of experience in psychiatry. A graduate from a top medical school, he specializes in the treatment of mood disorders and anxiety, employing a patient-centered approach. His dedication to evidence-based care and his commitment to advancing mental health practices have made him a respected figure in the field. Dr. Simonson’s leadership ensures the highest standard of care for the community at Cura Behavioral Health.
