Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can look different for everyone, which is why it’s often misunderstood or overlooked. For some, it might mean struggling to stay focused. For others, it could be constant restlessness or acting on impulse. Recognizing the signs of ADHD is the first step toward understanding the condition and finding the right treatment.
ADHD is categorized into three different types according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5): Inattentive (ADHD-I), Hyperactive-Impulsive (ADHD-H), and a combination of the two (ADHD-C). Here’s a breakdown of each type:
Types of ADHD | Characteristics | Examples of Behavior |
Predominantly Inattentive | Difficulty maintaining focus, following through on tasks, or organizing activities | May struggle with paying attention to details or completing assignments |
Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive | Exhibits excessive energy, fidgeting, or interruptive behaviors, regardless of consequences | May frequently interrupt others or find it difficult to stay seated for extended periods of time |
Combined type | Shows a mix of inattentiveness and hyperactive-impulsive traits | May be easily distracted and overly active |
The predominantly inattentive type has the potential to be overlooked because its symptoms are less disruptive compared to hyperactivity. These individuals may struggle silently, which can lead to a delayed diagnosis. On the other hand, the hyperactive-impulsive type tends to be more noticeable in children, with behaviors like constant fidgeting, interrupting others, or acting without thinking. Those with combined type ADHD will often face challenges in their academic, professional, and personal lives.
Researchers are still studying the causes of ADHD, but it has been found that a combination of genetic, environmental, and developmental factors may contribute to the condition. A recent study has found the following to be possible contributors:
ADHD can be diagnosed at any stage of life from childhood to adulthood. In the United States, an estimated 7 million children aged 3-17 years have been diagnosed with ADHD, according to the CDC. Boys are more frequently diagnosed than girls, with 15% and 8% of girls receiving an ADHD diagnosis. This discrepancy may be due in part to how ADHD symptoms present differently between genders. Boys often display more hyperactive behaviors, while girls may show more inattentive symptoms.
ADHD also affects approximately 15.5 million U.S. adults, or about 6% of the adult population. Symptoms can last from childhood into adulthood or emerge later in life, usually after years of coping with undiagnosed challenges. Signs can show differently in adults, too. For example, hyperactivity in children may become restlessness in adults, while inattention and difficulty staying organized usually remain consistent throughout life.
ADHD symptoms can be grouped into three categories: inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive. While individuals may show symptoms from one category more prominently, many experience a mix of these traits.
Those with inattentive ADHD symptoms struggle with focus, organization, and follow-through. These difficulties may not always be outwardly obvious, which can lead to misconceptions about laziness or lack of effort. Inattentive symptoms include:
Hyperactive symptoms of ADHD present as excessive physical energy and difficulty staying still. These behaviors are disruptive to daily tasks or social interactions. Symptoms of hyperactivity include:
Impulsivity in ADHD involves acting without thinking, which can lead to having difficulty making decisions, interacting with others, and having self-control. These behaviors often happen without a consideration for potential consequences. Impulsive ADHD symptoms include:
Medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes are commonly used in the treatment of ADHD, either individually or together. While medication can regulate brain chemistry, therapy focuses on building coping strategies and lifestyle changes encourage healthy, supportive habits.
Medication helps to manage symptoms of ADHD by regulating brain activity and improving focus, self-control, and behavior. Stimulants are typically the first-line treatment due to their proven effectiveness; however, non-stimulants are an alternative for those who cannot tolerate stimulants or prefer different options.
Stimulants include:
Non-stimulants approved for treating ADHD include:
Psychotherapy helps people with ADHD learn how to manage their symptoms and develop strategies to have more control over emotions and behaviors. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a popular choice amongst doctors and patients as it teaches individuals to recognize and challenge negative thought patterns. This allows patients to respond to challenges more constructively.
Mindfulness-based therapies also help in the management of ADHD symptoms by promoting present-moment awareness and self-acceptance. This method can help reduce impulsivity and improve focus. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) equips individuals with practical skills for managing distress, improving interpersonal interactions, and encouraging better emotional balance.
Making lifestyle adjustments can help in managing ADHD symptoms by improving brain health. Consider adding physical activity, a healthy diet, and quality sleep to your daily routine to see benefits. Here’s what the research says about these changes:
ADHD can make everyday life difficult, but with the right tools and support, it’s possible to manage your symptoms and take back control over your life. Speaking to a qualified mental health professional can help you determine a treatment plan that works best for you and your needs.
If you or someone you know is showing signs of ADHD, it may be time to seek help. Reach out to us today to learn more about your options. We’re here to help you every step of the way.
ADHD: Reviewing the Causes and Evaluating Solutions – Journal of Personalized Medicine
Data and Statistics on ADHD – CDC
Facts About ADHD in Adults – CDC
Psychotherapy for Adult ADHD – Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience
Beyond Genes: Leveraging Sleep, Exercise, and Nutrition to Improve ADHD – ADDitude
Determining if TMS therapy suits your mental health journey should involve consultation with a qualified professional. At Cura Behavioral Health, we provide comprehensive assessments to help you make informed treatment decisions.
Don’t let a mental health condition hold you back any longer. Schedule a consultation with Cura Behavioral Health today. Our experienced team is ready to answer your questions and create a personalized treatment plan tailored to your unique needs.
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Dr. Kevin Simonson, an esteemed Medical Director at Cura Behavioral Health, brings over 15 years of experience in psychiatry. A graduate from a top medical school, he specializes in the treatment of mood disorders and anxiety, employing a patient-centered approach. His dedication to evidence-based care and his commitment to advancing mental health practices have made him a respected figure in the field. Dr. Simonson’s leadership ensures the highest standard of care for the community at Cura Behavioral Health.
