When someone in the family has bipolar, it’s natural to wonder, “is bipolar disorder hereditary?” While genetics do play a role in whether or not someone will develop this mental health condition, they’re not the only thing responsible. In fact, your environment and life experiences can also increase the risk as they often interact with inherited traits to influence whether the condition develops.
Keep reading to learn more about genetics and their role in bipolar disorder, other causes of the condition, and symptoms to watch for.
Bipolar disorder is more extreme than the everyday ups and downs most people experience. It involves extreme mood changes that can shift from high energy and impulsivity to deep sadness or hopelessness. There are three types of bipolar disorder:
Bipolar disorder affects about 5.7 million adult Americans each year, or roughly 2.6% of the U.S. population age 18 and older. Men and women are affected at equal rates, and the condition occurs across all ages, races, ethnic groups, and social classes.
Yes, bipolar disorder can run in families. For people who have a parent with bipolar disorder, the risk of developing the condition is about 8%, or about one in twelve. However, this doesn’t necessarily mean it’s guaranteed to be passed down.
Family history is a strong predictor of bipolar disorder. Having a first-degree relative with bipolar disorder raises the risk 5 to 10 times higher compared to someone without that family history. Still, many people with a family member who has bipolar disorder will not develop the condition themselves.
People are not born with bipolar disorder. Instead, the condition develops later in life, most often during late adolescence or early adulthood. One study found that most bipolar diagnoses happen between the ages of 14-21 years old, with an average onset of around 17 years old. In rare cases, children may show symptoms, but it’s less common, and it doesn’t mean they’ll get a bipolar diagnosis later.
Genetics and environment often work together when it comes to someone developing bipolar disorder. Family studies may show a strong genetic relationship, but one’s environment can influence when symptoms start and how severe they become.
For example, parental care has been shown to affect brain development and stress regulation. Children raised in supportive, cohesive families may be more resilient, while those who experience high conflict or instability face a greater risk of earlier onset and more serious symptoms. In fact, research shows that parents with bipolar disorder report lower family cohesion compared to families without psychiatric illness. Conflict levels are also higher when a child has bipolar disorder versus when they’re unaffected.
Life experiences and behaviors can raise the risk of bipolar disorder or trigger episodes in people who are already vulnerable. Childhood trauma is one example.
People with bipolar disorder, and their siblings without it, report higher rates of trauma in early life. Trauma doesn’t guarantee someone will develop bipolar disorder, but it can make symptoms more likely to show up later.
Another potential cause of bipolar disorder is stress. The end of a marriage may trigger a manic or depressive episode in someone at risk. For others, it might be triggered by financial hardship or heavy pressure at work.
Lastly, substance use can also play a role in the development of bipolar disorder. A review of studies found:
Bipolar disorder causes people to experience extreme highs and lows, which breaks down to manic/hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms. Below are some of the most common symptoms for each episode.
During mania or hypomania, energy levels and moods rise. A person may feel unstoppable in the moment, but these symptoms can result in serious consequences. Manic symptoms may include:
On the flip side, depressive episodes bring energy and motivation crashing down. Everyday activities can feel impossible, and thoughts may be darker:
If you or someone you care about is struggling with bipolar disorder, Cura Behavioral Health is here to help. We offer compassionate therapy as well as medication management with a focus on stability that lasts.
Our clinicians understand the challenges of mood disorders and work closely with patients to adjust treatment as needs change. Contact us today to learn how we can help you have better control over your mental health.
Bipolar Disorder Statistics – Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance
Chapter 6. Genetics of Bipolar II Disorder – American Psychiatric Association
Bipolar disorder: Trimodal age-at-onset distribution – Bipolar Disorders
Family environment and polygenic risk in the bipolar high-risk context – JCPP Advances
Determining if TMS therapy suits your mental health journey should involve consultation with a qualified professional. At Cura Behavioral Health, we provide comprehensive assessments to help you make informed treatment decisions.
Don’t let a mental health condition hold you back any longer. Schedule a consultation with Cura Behavioral Health today. Our experienced team is ready to answer your questions and create a personalized treatment plan tailored to your unique needs.
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Dr. Kevin Simonson, an esteemed Medical Director at Cura Behavioral Health, brings over 15 years of experience in psychiatry. A graduate from a top medical school, he specializes in the treatment of mood disorders and anxiety, employing a patient-centered approach. His dedication to evidence-based care and his commitment to advancing mental health practices have made him a respected figure in the field. Dr. Simonson’s leadership ensures the highest standard of care for the community at Cura Behavioral Health.
