TMS for Migraines

While you might think a migraine is just a really bad headache, it’s actually a neurological condition with symptoms that can last hours and sometimes days. During a migraine, brain cells release a molecule called calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). This can trigger intense pain and other uncomfortable symptoms that make everyday activities challenging. 

Migraines can come in different forms, and each one has their own set of symptoms and characteristics. Some cause visual disturbances or aura, while others may cause temporary weakness. Common types of migraines include: 

• Migraine with typical aura
• Migraine with brainstem aura
• Hemiplegic migraine
• Retinal migraine
• Chronic migraine
• Menstrual migraine

Additionally, certain things can increase the likelihood of a migraine attack. These triggers vary from person to person but often include: 

• Exposure to strong smells
• High levels of stress or tension
• Unexpected or loud sounds
• Irregular sleep schedules or disrupted sleep
• Bright or flashing lights

Common Migraine Symptoms

Migraine symptoms are different depending on the person, but they usually follow four phases: 

Premonitory (Pre-Headache), Aura, Headache, and Postdrome. 

The premonitory phase, or the pre-headache phase, can start hours or even days before the migraine begins. It includes subtle warning signs that a migraine is on the way: 

• Difficulty concentrating
• Fatigue or excessive yawning
• Stiff muscles
• Nausea
• Sensitivity to light or sound
• Irritability or mood changes

The next phase is the aura phase. Only about a third of people with migraines experience aura. It involves temporary sensory, visual, or language disturbances that typically last less than an hour. Symptoms include: 

• Visual issues such as blind spots or zig-zag lines
• Tingling in fingers or arms
• Trouble speaking or finding words

The headache phase is the most intense and debilitating stage of a migraine and can last anywhere from a few hours to several days. During this phase, individuals may experience:

• Headache on one or both sides of the head
• Nausea or vomiting
• Sensitivity to light, sound, or smells
• Blurred vision or dizziness
• Difficulty sleeping

Once the headache phase subsides, individuals will go into the postdrome phase, otherwise known as the “migraine hangover.” This phase can leave people feeling drained and out of sorts. Symptoms may last for up to a day and include: 

• Fatigue and dizziness
• Body aches or lingering head pain
• Trouble concentrating
• Depressed mood or, occasionally, feelings of euphoria

Current Migraine Treatments

While there is no cure for migraines, treatments are available to manage symptoms and reduce the frequency of attacks. Traditional options include:

• Over-the-counter pain relievers
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• Triptans
• Ergot derivatives
• Opioids in severe cases

Recent research shows that CGRP antagonists like erenumab and fremanezumab target the biological processes behind migraines to prevent attacks. Complementary therapies, such as acupuncture, yoga, meditation, and herbal remedies, are also being explored. Additionally, TMS is being used as a potential treatment for migraines, especially in those with chronic symptoms.